About Dr. Susmit Kumar
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Dr. Susmit Kumar obtained his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University, US. Before coming to the United States, he was selected in the prestigious India Administrative Service (IAS) and did its training at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie, India (August 1985-March 1986).
Dr. Kumar is the author of Gandhi, an Obstacle for the Freedom of India, Brought Radical Mullahs into Mainstream Politics Which Finally Led to Partition of India Subhas Chandra Bose, Not Gandhi and Congress Party, Gave Independence to India (461 pages, 778 Endnotes, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2021); India is a Country, not a Company - How Anglo-US 'Imported' Economists Misled and Mismanaged the Indian Economy (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 212 Pages, 2018) and The Modernization of Islam and the Creation of a Multipolar World Order (Booksurge, January 2008). This book was an extension of his 1995 article published in Global Times, Denmark. In this article, based on the analysis of the social, political and religion environments in the Middle East, Dr. Kumar predicted the global rise of Islamic militancy due to the 1980s US intervention in Afghanistan, take over of Middle East and North African Islamic countries (including Saudi Arabia) by fundamentalist Muslims which may result in a temporary revival of Caliphate system and also its final outcome. In a 1996 article (Global Times, Denmark), he wrote, "Afghanistan was a Waterloo for the U.S.S.R. but it might become a Frankenstein for the U.S." The current rise in Islamic militancy worldwide does not reflect Samuel Huntington’s "Clash of Civilizations,” but is instead a violent prelude to the modernization of Islam, and a major step toward the integration of human civilization.
He is also the author of Casino Capitalism: The Collapse of the US Economy and the Transition to Secular Democracy in the Middle East(iUniverse, 2012) and Karma, Mind and Quest for Happiness (iUniverse, 2012).
डॉक्टर सुस्मित कुमार का परिचय: हिंदी संस्करण के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें
Dr. Kumar's Talk on His Latest Book at Vivekananda International Foundation, New Delhi on March 1, 2018
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"India is a Country, not a Company - How Anglo-US 'Imported' Economists Misled and Mismanaged the Indian Economy", Susmit Kumar, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 212 Pages, 2018.
Vivekananda International Foundation (www.vifindia.org) is number one think tank in India. It was established by Retd. IAS, IFS, IPS and Army officials. People like retd-IPS Ajit Kumar Doval (National Security Advisor, India), retd-IAS Nirpendra Misra (Principle Secretary to Prime Minister), retd-IAS PK Mishra (Additional Principle Secretary to PrimeMinister), retd-IAS Anil Baijal (Lt. Governor, Delhi) and Bibek Debroy (Chairman of Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister) were among its founders.
Dr Susmit Kumar's 3 Parts Discussion on his 2021 book - Gandhi, an Obstacle for the Freedom of India, Brought Radical Mullahs into Mainstream Politics Which Finally Led to Partition of India Subhas Chandra Bose, Not Gandhi and Congress Party, Gave Ind
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Dr Susmit Kumar Discussion on his book India is a Country, not a Company - How Anglo-US 'Imported' Economists Misled and Mismanaged the Indian Economy
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Request to 10 Senior Most Supreme Court Justices for taking Suo Moto cognizance to correct Freedom Struggle History in NCERT books and UGC recommended curriculum Corrupted by "Court" Historians of Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty
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Susmit Kumar, PhD
xxxx xxxxx Dr
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This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
www.susmitkumar.net
To,
The Hon'ble Justices
Supreme Court of India
November 20, 2021
Subject: Request for taking Suo Moto action to correct Freedom Struggle History in NCERT books and UGC recommended curriculum because of corruption of India’s Freedom Struggle history by the “court” historians of Nehru-Gandhi dynasty which ruled in India for 60+ years
Respected Hon’ble Justices,
Gandhi was not even a Freedom Fighter as he was playing Games, the Rules of which were Set by the British Raj
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
1. Earlier I sent copy of my letter to ten Senior-most Supreme Court Justices for taking Suo Moto cognizance to correct Freedom Struggle History in NCERT books and UGC recommended curriculum Corrupted by "Court" Historians of Nehru-Gandhi Dynasty which is copied below also.
2. I know that if there are unsubstantiated claims against “Mahatma Gandhi” Supreme Court justices can not only ban my book but also fine tens of thousands of dollars as well as throw me in jail for blaming “Father of Nation” aka “Mahatma Gandhi”. However, all my crucial evidences against MK Gandhi are from British Govt declassified documents, publicly available and also from well-established verifiable sources.
3. Gandhi captured Congress in 1920 by using large numbers of “radical mullahs” of Khilafat Movement and collected 1 crore rupees in 1921 by bogus claim of getting Swaraj (Self-Rule) in one year. Thereafter becoming "Sonia Gandhi" of the time, Gandhi always hushed down talk of any independence movement, except in 1942.
Dr Susmit Kumar's New Book: Gandhi, an Obstacle for the Freedom of India, Brought Radical Mullahs into Mainstream Politics Which Finally Led to Partition of India Subhas Chandra Bose, Not Gandhi and Congress Party, Gave Independence to India
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Rs 595, 461 pages, 778 Endnotes, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2021.
Please click at the link to buy it at Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Flipkart. Also available at local bookstores.
Due to almost six decades of near continuous rule by and massive glorification of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, “court” historians of India have corrupted the country’s history. We had a similar example in Bihar state. During the fifteen-year rule of Laloo Yadav (and his wife) in Bihar, they introduced chapters in school texts, comparing Laloo Yadav to Lord Krishna and the messiah of social justice (“Paean is mightier,” India Today, Sanjay Kumar Jha, July 12, 2004).
New and Shocking Revelations in the book:
1. By bringing large numbers of “radical mullahs” of Khilafat Movement, Gandhi captured Congress Party against the wishes of key Hindu leaders, then secular MA Jinnah and Ms. Annie Besant. For an example, out of 161 delegates from Hindu majority region Madras, who voted for Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Resolution, 125 were Muslims.
2. Then in 1921 Gandhi collected 1 crore rupee by the bogus claim of bringing "Swaraj" (self-government) in a year.
3. Thereafter he changed the constitution of the Congress party and became its dictator, effectively becoming the ‘Sonia Gandhi’ of the time. He used to routinely nominate president and the entire Congress Working Committee.
4. Gandhi brought these “radical mullahs” into mainstream politics which later on led to the partition of country. It is explained in book. Between 1900 and 1922, only 16 communal riots took place, but between 1923 and 1926 there were 72 riots, i.e., not even once in a year till 1922, but 24 a year after Gandhi’s embrace of the Khilafat movement.
5. During Gandhi’s lifetime, there were elections only twice for Congress president and both the times his candidates lost. In 1939, he manipulated with his puppets to throw the winner Subhas Chandra Bose out of the party. In 1946, he asked the winner Sardar Patel to withdraw in favor of his candidate, Nehru, who had obtained zero vote; the 1946 Congress president was to become the first Prime Minister of Independent India.
6. After capturing Congress in 1920, Gandhi always hushed down talk of any independence movement, except in 1942.
7. Even at the onset of World War II in 1939, Gandhi did not opt for any independence movement, On May 20, 1940, Jawaharlal Nehru made an astounding statement in which he said, "Launching a civil disobedience campaign at a time when Britain is engaged in a life and death struggle would be an act derogatory to India's honour." Similarly, Gandhi said, "We do not seek our independence out of Britain's ruin. That is not the way of non-violence." (Bose, Subhas Chandra, The Indian Struggle, Part II 1935-42, Thacker, Spink & Co, Calcutta, 1948 available at www.subhaschandrabose.org Indian Struggle, Part II pp 25-6)
8. In mid-1942, Gandhi opted for Quit India Movement only because he thought that Japan and Germany would win World War II. At that time Hitler's Nazi Germany had captured nearly entire Europe and encircled Leningrad and Stalingrad as well as was winning in North Africa. Apart from this, Japan had captured nearly entire East Asia and was knocking at the door of India (with the Indian National Army, INA) through Burma border. Gandhi's original 1942 Quit India Resolution was completely pro-Japanese Empire which was later on revised by Nehru (as per Gandhi's hand written papers, seized by British Raj police in a raid) – the actual British intelligence papers are at British Govt website whose links are written below – screenshots are at bottom. Gandhi was afraid that if the INA, supported by Japan, would liberate India, then his name might be in a footnote in the history book.
9. As per British Govt declassified papers, Subhas Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army were disaster at battlefield but once they surrendered at the end of World War II, they forced Britain to leave India within just four months by creating a threat of massive Indian Army mutiny by poisoning the mind of “native Indians” among the (British) Indian Army [before whom they surrendered in East Asia], once they came to know how INA fought at Burma-Imphal border and also about fully functioning Azad Hind Government of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (Oct 1943-Aug 1945) which had its own bank and currency also.
10. Gandhi and Congress Party usurped/stole from Subhas Chandra Bose the credits for the independence of India. The "court" historians of Nehru-Gandhi family have wiped out the name of "real hero" Subhas Chandra Bose (and the INA) of India's Independence.
Please read the back cover - it will re-write history of freedom struggle.
Outline of Structures in the 1923 Combined Congress-Khilafat Cocanada Annual Meeting in Gandhi Nagar – Shows Khilafat Pandal and Khilafat Kitchen also (Page 209 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book)
Khilafat Pandal which was part of the 1923 Congress Cocanada structures in Gandhi Nagar (Page 210 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book)
1923 Indian National Congress President, a Khilafat leader (Page 211 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book).
In his presidential address at the 1923 Annual Congress Meeting at Cocanada, Maulana Muhammad Ali, one of the Ali-brothers of the Khilafat movement, attacked the western concept of nationalism as the root cause of imperialism and put forward a new content for Indian nationalism as a ‘Federation of Religions’ whereby India could be described not as ‘United States of India’ but ‘United Faiths of India’. He suggested that the country may be divided in different reserved areas where each religion should have monopoly of proselytization; he asked the Hindus either to absorb the Depressed Classes [i.e., Scheduled Classes] immediately or to allow the Muslims to convert them to Islam (Karandikar, M. A., Islam In India’s Transition to Modernity, Greenwood Publishing Corporation, Westport, Connecticut, US, 1969, pp 175-6).
Six years after the end of the Congress-Khilafat campaign, in April 1930, the same Maulana Muhammad Ali organized a mammoth Muslim Conference in Bombay where they condemned the Congress’ Civil Disobedience Movement. In his speech, Muhammad Ali said (Karandikar, p 193)
The satyagraha movement [i.e., 1930 Civil Disobedience Movement] was designed to bring the seventy millions of Indian Mussalmans under the domination of the Hindus.
Both Gandhi’s famous Charka and Muslim flag can be seen in the photo taken of a Muslim procession during 1920-24 Combined Congress-Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement (Page 212 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book)
Gandhi's original 1942 Quit India Resolution was completely pro-Japanese Empire which was revised by Nehru (as per Gandhi's hand written papers, seized by British Raj police in a raid)
None of Gandhi’s movement, except the 1942 Quit India Movement, was independence from Britain. At the onset of World War II, Gandhi and Congress party did not start any movement against the British Raj. On May 20, 1940, Jawaharlal Nehru made an astounding statement in which he said, "Launching a civil disobedience campaign at a time when Britain is engaged in a life and death struggle would be an act derogatory to India's honour." Similarly, Gandhi said, "We do not seek our independence out of Britain's ruin. That is not the way of non-violence." (Bose, Subhas Chandra, The Indian Struggle, Part II 1935-42, Thacker, Spink & Co, Calcutta, 1948 (at www.subhaschandrabose.org Indian Struggle, Part II pp 25-6).
By launching the 1942 Quit India movement Gandhi intended somehow to placate the Japanese Empire, not to generate awareness for independence from Britain. He launched the 1942 Quit India Movement only because he was afraid that the Indian National Army (INA), created and supported by the Japanese army (which had already won Burma at that time), would liberate India from British rule. As per British intelligence report Gandhi’s feeling during mid-1942 was that Germany and Japan would win World War II, which would have made his name a footnote in India’s history as till then he had always hushed down any talk of independence within his Congress party. In fact, his draft of the 1942 Quit India Movement favored Japan.
Below is the first page of the (previously secret) declassified document, created by the Secretary of State for India for the War Cabinet on June 16, 1942. The entire document is available at this British National Archive website whose link is written below:
Part of declassified document, created by the Secretary of State for India for the War Cabinet on June 16, 1942 (Source: British National Archive - http://filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pdfs/small/cab-66-25-wp-42-255-35.pdf)- [Page 257 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book]
The opening paragraph is – “As I mentioned to the War Cabinet on 15th June 1942 (War Cabinet Conclusions 74(42) Minute 3) there are increasing indications that Gandhi is abandoning his previously declared policy of refraining from embarrassing Government and is planning to lead Congress into some widespread movement with the aim of compelling the British to withdraw from India. I now circulate for information an extract from the Viceroy’s telegram of 7th June and a copy of his telegram of 11th June (already circulated) together with a copy of the published Congress War Resolution of May 1st compared with the original draft (now established to be the work of Gandhi himself) and a selection of recent significant statements by Gandhi.”
If you want independence from your colonial ruler, you must at least “embarrass” them. If you are not embarrassing them, then it shows that there is some mutual understanding between you two.
As per the (previously secret) declassified document, created by the Secretary of State for India for War Cabinet on June 27, 1942, the whole thought and background of Gandhi's draft was one of favouring Japan. Gandhi’s feeling was that Japan and Germany would win World War II (please see the screenshot below)
Part of declassified document, created by the Secretary of State for India for the War Cabinet on June 27, 1942 (Source: British National Archive - http://filestore.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pdfs/small/cab-66-26-wp-42-271-1.pdf) - [Page 258 in Dr. Kumar's 2021 Gandhi book]
Let us see why Gandhi changed his mind and wanted complete independence from Britain in June 1942. In mid-1942, Nazi Germany was in control of entire Europe and was winning in North Africa and driving towards Stalingrad in Soviet Union. Elsewhere, Japan had taken over Burma and were knocking at the door of India. Japan had already created the Indian National Army (INA) in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian POWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and in Singapore. INA aim was to secure the independence of India by driving away the British.
In course of a police raid on the AICC office, notes of the discussion in the [Congress] Working Committee before the AICC meeting were seized. These revealed that Gandhi had submitted his draft of the resolution insisting that India’s conflict with Britain was eternal, but that she had no quarrel with Japan. ‘The Committee,’ ran one sentence, ‘desire to assure the Japanese Government and people that India bears no enmity either towards Japan or towards any other nations.’ ‘If India were freed,’ ran another sentence,’ ‘her first step would probably be to negotiate with Japan (Copland, Ian, India 1885-1947: The Unmaking of an Empire, Longman, UK, 2001, p 240; The Times, April 30, 1942). Nehru, it appeared, had protested that the whole tenor of Gandhi’s draft was in favor of Japan and revealed a belief that the Axis Powers would win the war. The final draft was thus a compromise. In fact, the division in the ‘high command’ between the pacifists and the non-pacifists had been healed. Nehru had surrendered. Up to this point he had consistently preached violent resistance to the Japanese: he had spoken to that effect when Sir Stafford Cripps was at Delhi and even later. Now he had subscribed to ‘non-violent non-co-operation’ as the only method of defense against invasion (Copland, Ian, India 1885-1947: The Unmaking of an Empire, Longman, UK, 2001, p289).
Subhas Chandra Bose, not Gandhi and Congress Party, gave independence to India
Bose and his Indian National Army were disaster at battlefield but once they surrendered at the end of World War II, they forced Britain to leave India within just four months by creating a threat of massive Indian Army mutiny by poisoning the mind of “native Indians” among the (British) Indian Army [before whom they surrendered in East Asia], once they came to know how INA fought at Burma-Imphal border and also about fully functioning Azad Hind Government of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (Oct 1943-Aug 1945) which had its own bank and currency also. During the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, there were massacres of Europeans at several places. Hence Britain was afraid of similar massacres of Europeans as there were more than 135,000 Europeans in India in mid-1940s.
The following 1976 book has declassified papers of British Government and (British) Indian Government.
DO YOU THINK THAT GANDHI’s NON-VIOLENCE WOULD HAVE CREATED THE MUTINY THREAT IN INDIAN ARMY AS DESCRIBED BELOW?
The following is the part of the Chief of Staff Committee Cabinet Paper on November 24, 1945 about the effect of political situation on the Armed Forces (Transfer of Power [above book], pp 582-3):
If the Indian Forces as a whole cease to be reliable, the British Armed Forces now available are not likely to be able to control the internal situation or to protect essential communications, nor would any piecemeal reinforcement of these forces be of much avail. To regain control of the situation and to restore essential communications within the country, nothing short of an organized campaign for the reconquest of India is likely to suffice. It is not possible now to compute the air and land forces required for such a campaign, but they would inevitably be very large as, if the Indian Armed Forces are not prepared to support Government, they will almost inevitably actively oppose it. Further, such active opposition is not likely to be confined to India alone. Disaffection will inevitably spread to Indian troops now being employed by His Majesty’s Government in overseas theatres such as Burma, Malaya, Java and the Middle East with serious repercussions on the attitude of the peoples of those countries. Afghanistan also may well throw in her lot with the Frontier tribes and the Mussalmans of North Western India.
The following December 22, 1945 letter from General Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, to Chiefs of Staff shows the reason why the Britain suddenly decided to give independence to India (Transfer of Power [above book], p 676):
If disturbances have started and Indian Armed Forces generally or in part have proved unreliable or actively hostile, situation is completely different. In this case British formations would be required to land at whatever port could be kept open and be prepared to fight their way inland to restore, protect and operate railway communications. They would, therefore, have to be accompanied by necessary technical units including railway operating units. Number and phasing of arrival of these formations would have to depend upon the situation at this time and availability and condition of ports. In worst case with Indian Armed Forces generally actively hostile British formations might have to fight their way ashore as well as inland. No firm planning on such indeterminate data is practicable and most you can do is to hold in readiness such formations and technical units together with necessary air support as would be made available to meet whatever situation arises. No deception plan is required in this case.
By the end of December 1945, Britain had decided to grant independence to India. As per a letter dated January 17, 1946 from the Secretary of State for India Lord Pethick-Lawrence to British Prime Minister Attlee, British Government had already made up its mind to send a Cabinet Mission, [which eventually came to India in March 1946] consisting of three Cabinet members, to discuss the transfer of powers from the British government to the Indian political leaders (Transfer of Power [above book], pp 809-10). Therefore, British Government had decided to give independence to India even before the 1946 Naval Mutiny which took place in February 1946.
It was Clement Atlee, British prime minister at the time of granting independence to India, who said that Gandhi’s non-violence movement had next to zero effect on the British. Chief Justice P.B. Chakrabarty of the Kolkata High Court, who served as acting governor of West Bengal, disclosed the following in a letter addressed to the publisher of Ramesh Chandra Majumdar’s book A History of Bengal (Borra, Ranjan, Subhas Chandra Bose, The Indian National Army, and The War of India’s Liberation, Journal of Historical Review, Vol. 20 (2001), No. 1, reference 46):
You have fulfilled a noble task by persuading Dr. Majumdar to write this history of Bengal and publishing it … In the preface of the book Dr. Majumdar has written that he could not accept the thesis that Indian independence was brought about solely, or predominantly by the non-violent civil disobedience movement of Gandhi. When I was the acting Governor, Lord Atlee, who had given us independence by withdrawing the British rule from India, spent two days in the Governor’s palace at Calcutta during his tour of India. At that time I had a prolonged discussion with him regarding the real factors that had led the British to quit India. My direct question to him was that since Gandhi’s “Quit India” movement had tapered off quite some time ago and in 1947 no such new compelling situation had arisen that would necessitate a hasty British departure, why did they have to leave? In his reply Atlee cited several reasons, the principal among them being the erosion of loyalty to the British Crown among the Indian army and navy personnel as a result of the military activities of Netaji [Subhash Chandra Bose].Toward the end of our discussion I asked Atlee what was the extent of Gandhi’s influence upon the British decision to quit India. Hearing this question, Atlee's lips became twisted in a sarcastic smile as he slowly chewed out the word, “m-i-n-i-m-a-l!”.
Gandhi and Congress Party usurped/stole from Subhas Chandra Bose the credits for the independence of India. The "court" historians of Nehru-Gandhi family have wiped out the name of "real hero" Subhas Chandra Bose (and his Indian National Army) of India's Independence.
Without Subhas Chandra Bose, India Would Not Have Had Independence till Gandhi Would Have Been Alive
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
This article is based on Chapter 46 of Dr Kumar’s forthcoming book Gandhi, an Obstacle for the Freedom of India, Brought Radical Mullahs into Mainstream Politics Which Finally Led to Partition of India.
Due to almost six decades of near continuous rule by and massive glorification of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, “court” historians of India have corrupted the country’s history. We had a similar example in Bihar state. During the fifteen-year rule of Laloo Yadav (and his wife) in Bihar, they introduced chapters in school texts, comparing Laloo Yadav to Lord Krishna and the messiah of social justice (“Paean is mightier,” India Today website, Sanjay Kumar Jha, July 12, 2004).
Some of Chapters of forthcoming Dr. Kumar’s book can be accessed by following links:
Due to Subhas Chandra Bose’s Surrendered INA’s Actions, Britain Panicked And Decided to Leave India in A Few Months
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
This article is based on Chapter 40 of Dr Kumar’s forthcoming book Gandhi, an Obstacle for the Freedom of India, Brought Radical Mullahs into Mainstream Politics Which Finally Led to Partition of India.
Dr Kumar is posting this long article so that Prime Minister Modi can tell not only 130 crore Indians but entire world that it was Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army, not Gandhi and his Congress, who gave the independence to India. It will be the India’s biggest tribute to her greatest freedom fighter on his 125th Birth Anniversary on January 23rd.
[Note: “The Transfer of Power 1942-7, Vol. VI The Post-War Phase: New Moves by the Labour Government 1 August 1945-22 March 1946, by Nicholas Mansergh and Penderel Moon, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 1976” is based on British Government declassified documents and is frequently mentioned in this article]
Some of Chapters of forthcoming Dr. Kumar’s book can be accessed by following links:
In His 2018 Gandhi Book, Ramchandra Guha Corrupted History By Writing Bogus Facts to Defame Sardar Patel, Subhas Bose & JB Kripalani in Order To Enhance Prestige of Gandhi and Nehru
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Mr. Ramchandra Guha should feel ashamed of writing bogus facts in his 2018 Gandhi book to defame great freedom fighters like Sardar Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose and J.B. Kripalani in order to enhance the prestige of Gandhi and Nehru. He is doing nothing but corrupting the history.
Due to nearly six decades of mostly continuous rule by and massive glorification of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty, “court” historians, like Ramchandra Guha, of India have corrupted the country’s history. In his book Liberty or Death: India’s Journey to Independence and Division, Patrick French has correctly written (Liberty or Death: India Journey to Independence and Division, Patrick French, Flamingo, London, 1997, pp 17-8):
“The plaster Mahatma encapsulated in Richard Attenborough’s 1982 film Gandhi is plainly inaccurate. As Salman Rushdie has written: “To make Gandhi appeal to the Western market, he had to be sanctified and turned into Christ – and odd fate for a crafty Gujarati lawyer – and the history of one of the century’s greatest’s revolutions had to be mangled.’ The film leaves us with the message ‘that the best way to gain your freedom is to line up, unarmed, and march towards your oppressors and permit them to club you to the ground; if you do this for long enough, you will embarrass them into going away. There were innumerable reasons for the British quitting India, but embarrassment was not one of them. This version of events, though, appeals not only to the Western market, but also within India, where the Congress hold on power during the decades succeeding independence had made the portrayal of a blameless and beatific father of the nation politically useful.”
Gandhi, Non-Cooperation Movement (Swaraj), Khilafat Movement and 1921 Malabar Riots
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: This article is taken from pages 51-56 of the book 1922 Gandhi and Anarchy by Chettur Sankaran Nair. It is freely available at http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52903; Mr. Nair was 1897 Indian National Congress President and a Madras High Court Judge. You can find more about Mr. Nair from his Wikipedia page. A 2020 version reprint of book is also available at Amazon.com. It is worth noting that Mr. Nair was also from Malabar region.]
MALABAR'S AGONY
By Annie Besant
It would be well if Mr. Gandhi could be taken into Malabar to see with his own eyes the ghastly horrors which have been created by the preaching of himself and his "loved brothers," Muhommad and Shaukat Ali. The Khilafat Raj is established there; on August 1, 1921, sharp to the date first announced by Mr. Gandhi for the beginning of Swaraj and the vanishing of British Rule, a Police Inspector was surrounded by Moplas, revolting against that Rule. [bold is by author] From that date onwards thousands of the forbidden war-knives ware secretly made and hidden away, and on August 20, the rebellion broke out, Khilafat flags were hoisted on Police Stations and Government offices. Strangely enough it was on August 25th 825 A.D. that Cherman Perumal ascended the throne of Malabar, the first Zamorin, and from that day the Malayalam Era is dated that is still in use; thus for 1096 years a Zamorin has ruled in Calicut, and the Rajas are mostly Chiefs who for long centuries have looked to a Zamorin as their feudatory Head. These are the men on whom the true pacification of Malabar must ultimately depend. The crowded refugees will only return to their devastated homes when they see those once more in safety in their ancestral places. Their lands, which they keep under their own control, are largely cultivated by Moplas, who are normally hardy, industrious agricultural labourers.
Gandhi Collected Crores of Rupees by Claiming He Would Get Swaraj in One Year in 1921
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: This article is taken from pages 33-35 of the book 1922 Gandhi and Anarchy by Chettur Sankaran Nair. It is freely available at http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52903; Mr. Nair was 1897 Indian National Congress President and a Madras High Court Judge. You can find more about Mr. Nair from his Wikipedia page. A 2020 version reprint of book is also available at Amazon.com.]
It is an irony that in 1921 when average salary of a postman and a labourer were 7 rupee per month and 2 rupee per month, respectively, Gandhi collected crores of rupees in just one year in the name of getting 'Swaraj' in one year from his failed Non-Cooperation movement. Every top Congress leader knew beforehand that Gandhi’s Non-cooperation proposal was of no use but still Gandhi was able to enforce it on Congress by using fundamentalist Islamist Khilafat members.(please my article read: Gandhi “Used” the Islamic Fundamentalist Votes to Capture Congress Party in 1920 and Became Its Dictator by Changing Its Constitution) which also resulted in exponential rise in communal riots all over the country and finally division of the country in 1947. It is worth noting that after the fiasco of his Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, Gandhi took sanyas from politics for six years and joined active politics again only in 1928.
On 29th December, 1920, i.e. three months after the Non-Cooperation programme, Gandhi said,
"My experience during the last months fills me with the hope that within the nine months that remain of the year in which I have expected Swaraj for India we shall redress the two wrongs and we shall see Swaraj (Parliamentary) established in accordance with the wishes of the people of India."
In 1929 Gandhi “Adopted” Jawaharlal Nehru to Stop Himself Being Sidelined In Congress by Left-Wingers
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Gandhi anointed Jawaharlal Nehru as his heir in 1941. In 1946, despite Nehru not getting even a single vote in the 1946 Congress Presidential election, Gandhi made him the Congress President asking the winner, Sardar Patel, who had received 12 out of maximum possible 15 votes to nominate Nehru as the President. Nehru went on to become India’s First Prime Minister as the Viceroy was going to invite the then Congress President to take the oath as the India’s First Prime Minister.
There were two factors behind Gandhi’s choice of Jawaharlal as his heir. Firstly, Gandhi has a soft corner for the Nehru family as it was Motilal Nehru’s volt face during the Subjects Committee vote in the 1920 Special Congress Committee Meeting in Calcutta which saved Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation proposal. It is worth noting that Gandhi's motion was carried by a small majority of only twelve votes, 144 voting for and 132 against in the Subjects Committee. Only after a proposal cleared the Subjects Committee it would go to the General Voting. Motilal Nehru's defection may well have swung the UP delegation in favor of Gandhi. To a large extent, Nehru depended upon Muslim political support, and was widely known for his pro-Muslim sympathies. As an Urdu-speaking Kashmiri Brahmin, he had voted with the Muslims for the UP Municipalities Bill in 1916 and he had kept clear of the agitation against it which the Hindu Sabha and the Provincial Congress launched. When Nehru saw how strongly Muslims supported non-cooperation in 1920, he may have been persuaded to tolerate the movement against his better judgement. But his decision rested, ultimately, upon more rational considerations than his wish to curry Muslim favor.[i]
Gandhi “Used” the Islamic Fundamentalist Votes to Capture Congress Party in 1920 and Became Its Dictator by Changing Its Constitution
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Gandhi knew it would not be easy to capture the Congress and bend it to his will. The Congress met in August 1918 at a special session in Bombay to consider the proposals for reforms as contained in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report published in the previous month. To all except Gandhi the report seemed to promise less than expected. Gandhi, who in less than a year was to lead the nation against the British Raj, felt quite contented with the proposals which he thought, ‘gave India as much as she could chew’. But Gandhi was ignored and a suggestion that he be made the President of the special session of Congress was instantly dismissed by Mrs. Annie Besant on the grounds that he was not a politician. [i]
This also became apparent to him when the meeting of the All-India Congress Committee (AICC) at Banaras in May 1920 did not entertain a proposal for adopting a policy of non-cooperation and decided to call a special session of the Congress to consider Gandhi’s program.[ii] A large number of Muslims attended the session and it looked like a Muslim session. Jinnah was shouted down by the Ali brothers, among others.[iii] Gandhi had the backing of the delegates from the South and the Muslim delegates. In fact, all the Muslim members of the Subjects Committee except Jinnah supported the main resolution. [iv] Apart from this, Gandhi also lured Congress members by claiming the Swaraj in one year which we would see was not possible even after more than twenty-five years.
Mahatma Gandhi Started the 1942 Quit India Movement Only Because He Feared that the Liberation of India by the Indian National Army, Created & Supported by Japan, Might Reduce Him to a Footnote in History (British Govt Archive)
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: This paper is an extension of my paper Hitler, NOT Gandhi, Should Be Given Credit for the Independence of India in 1947, which is the most popular paper at my website. A few years ago, this paper was used “AS IS” in the history examination paper at GCE/GCSE level for Edexcel, a product of Pearson Education Limited in UK.]
Mahatma Gandhi launched the 1942 Quit India Movement only because he was afraid that Indian National Army (INA), created and supported by Japanese army (which had already won Burma at that time), would liberate India from British rule. (As per British intelligence report) Gandhi’s feeling during mid-1942 was that Germany and Japan would win World War II, which would have made his name a footnote in India’s history as till then he had always hushed down any talk of independence within his Congress party. In fact the whole thought and background of Gandhi's draft of the 1942 Quit India Movement was one of favouring Japan.
After Signing Defense Treaty, US Needs to Provide Military Assets, under a WWII-type Lend-Lease Act, to India to Oust China from Occupied Ladakh Land
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
One version of this paper is published at South Asia Monitor on July 26, 2020 – here is the link
India should sign a defence treaty with US
During the first half of the last century, Nazi leader Hitler wanted to create the Third Reich, a super colonial power, which would rule over the world for a thousand years. But it lasted only for thirteen years because Hitler was trying to turn back the clock as colonialism was in its last phase. Instead of creating a super colonial power, Hitler destroyed colonialism. Following World War II, within a few decades nearly all colonies in Asia and Africa obtained their independence. After WWII and the ensuing Cold War, neither US-led Western countries nor the Soviet Union occupied any landmass to rule. Instead they opted for local puppets, at times installed by military means, as rulers.
Xi Jinping is both a Hitler and a Stalin in Making
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Xi Jinping is both a Stalin and a Hitler in the making. In China, the repression in Xinjiang and elsewhere in the country can be said to be Stalin-like behavior. Under Xi Jinping, China has already committed Hitler's Nazi Germany-like crimes (annexation of Czechoslovakia and then Poland) by grabbing the entire South China Sea and now land in Ladakh from India. Hence, the world powers will be in their rights to declared a war against it. In 2016, the Philippines already won a case against China against Nine-Dash-Line in arbitral tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Part II Let Galwan Valley Attack be the Operation Barbarossa for China
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the ill-fated 1941 Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union which ultimately led to collapse of his Third Reich. During Operation Barbarossa Soviet Union was devastated, but India will not suffer to that extent in a protracted war because China will not be interested in occupying vast geographical areas which was the aim of Hitler's Third Reich in Soviet Union.]
This paper is in continuation of my June 21, 2020 paper Let Galwan Valley Attack be the Operation Barbarossa for China
As China is clearly the aggressor, her actions will give a chance to the US and the Western countries to impose economic sanctions for the next several decades to set back the Chinese economy. For mishandling of the Coronavirus pandemic by the Chinese government, some top US officials and Republican Senators have talked about cancelling part of its debt obligations to China (The Finance 202: Trump officials spook economists with talk of skipping debt payments to China, Tory Newmyer, The Washington Post, May 1, 2020). A war between the US and China will give them an opportunity to cancel those debts and seize Chinese assets, globally as enemy property, especially the massive trillion dollar One Belt One Road (OBOR) investment, similar to what the Allied Powers did to Hitler's Germany post World War II. It will be China's folly to fight a protracted war with both India and the US because a defeated China might result in independent countries like Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. In a protracted war, Vietnam, Japan and Taiwan might also jump in against China.
Let Galwan Valley Attack be the Operation Barbarossa for China
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the ill-fated 1941 Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union which ultimately led to collapse of his Third Reich. During Operation Barbarossa Soviet Union was devastated, but India will not suffer to that extent in a protracted war because China will not be interested in occupying vast geographical areas which was the aim of Hitler's Third Reich in Soviet Union.]
Right now, China is in a similar situation as Hitler’s Germany in the late 1930s, while the US is in a similar situation as the declining British and French Empires. Recently, China has occupied a few square kilometers of India’s land in Ladakh. Despite having no legal basis of historic rights over the South China Sea (Nine-Dash Line, Wikipedia), China has been able to build artificial islands and get hold of nearly the entire South China Sea as none of its neighbors is in a position to confront China militarily.
PM Modi needs to talk to top US military officials and not just President Trump, because President Trump’s words alone have no meaning. It will be in the interest of the US and other Western countries to not let India down against China because if India goes down against China, China will be an unstoppable military power not only in Asia but in the entire world as the US is now a declining power and not in position to take down China on its own.
IMF Chief Kristalina Georgieva Says – Tax the Wealthy Which Majority of Americans Also Approve of
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
(A) Let us take some real-life examples:
1. For thousands of years, the Brahmaputra river has been the lifeline for the Bangladesh and North-east India. Nearly the entire catchment area of the river lies in China whereas India and Bangladesh get all the water. Now China has been building dams in the catchment area of this river to divert the flow to its massive desert. As the economies of several Northeastern Indian states and Bangladesh are dependent on the Brahmaputra river, it is certain that India and Bangladesh would take China to an international tribunal to force China to share the water.
2. After the 1964 Nuclear Test, China came up with a (crazy) idea of making a hole in Himalayas by detonating nuclear bombs to suck monsoon rain into to China (I read it when I was in high school during early 1970s in one of India’s news magazines). If they can make a hole in Himalayas to suck monsoon rain, it will make India’s Gangetic plain desert.
Part I Free Market Economics vs Keynesian – Two Lost Decades of Japan
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: When at one extreme we have the US whose economy works on “Ponzi Scheme” (i.e. it just prints papers (i.e. its currency) to funds its twin – budget and trade – deficits and then gets the same printed papers back as investment) and at other extreme China which is under-selling other countries by heavily subsidizing manufactured goods, “Free Market Economics” can never work at such a large geographical (, i.e. international) level.]
If economists claim that “Free Market economics” work, then why do they tinker with a free market and force country like Japan to sign the 1985 Plaza Accord? The US was taking care of Japan’s defense and hence Japan and other countries had to sign the accord, which led to the destruction of Japanese economy and salvation of US economy. If they would not have signed the Plaza Accord, the US dollar and US economy would have been history in the mid-1980s even before the fall of the Soviet Union!!! If Crude Oil prices would not have had collapsed in 1988 (after the end of Iran-Iraq War), then USSR would have still been here! The USSR collapsed because the crude price collapsed from $70 a barrel (at one point of time in mid-1980s) to upper one digit after the end of Iraq-Iran War. It is worth noting that even CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) of US had not predicted the collapse of Soviet Union. China can do the same with US right now, i.e. China can destroy the US dollar and the US economy whenever it wants (as per the 2009 Pentagon Economic Warfare Simulation).
China Has Capability to Make US a Weimar Republic
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
1. Introduction
In 2009, Pentagon for the first time conducted series of economic war game exercises. In each exercise, the US consistently lost to China. According to Lou Crandall, chief economist at Wrightson ICAP, which analyzes Treasury financing trends (“U.S. Debt Expected To Soar This Year,” Lori Montgomery, Washington Post, January 3, 2009):
While the current market for [US] Treasuries is booming, it’s unclear whether demand for debt can be sustained. There’s a time bomb somewhere, but we don’t know exactly where on the calendar it’s planted.
The US is the Titanic of the present time and age, due to go down sooner than later. China has the time bomb to destroy the US dollar and US economy. It is up to China to fix the date to detonate it. The US President Trump, with a five-year-old child brain, has given a wakeup call to China to hasten the process to take over the rein of lone superpower status from the US.
Part III Coronavirus - US Fed for Keeping US Treasury Interest Payment Low – Reason Behind Stock Market Bubble and World-Wide Inequality
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
1. Introduction
In this paper, we will see that the US Federal Bank has been committing fraud, not only with the common Americans but with the people of the entire world and with entire global economy. By systematically reducing interest rates to enable the US government to pile on debt, it created not only stock market bubbles world-wide but also unprecedented wealth inequality globally by transferring massive amount of money to ultra-rich from all others. Without it the so-called bogus-economic theory Reaganomics would not have been in the dictionary at all. During the 2008 financial crisis, US Fed deemed Wall Street banks and other big financial institutions “too big to fail.” Now it has granted the same elite status to a significant swath of the American private sector after the crisis unleashed by the pandemic.
Part II Coronavirus – In 2016, I Advised the Modi Administration to Have Trade Balance At the Earliest
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
In my last week paper Coronavirus - India’s $40 Billion Spending vs Trillions by China, Germany, Japan and US - Part I, I explained why India is able to come up with only up to $40 - $60 billion stimulus as compared to several trillions by four economic superpowers, namely the US, Japan, China and Germany to mitigate the effects of Coronavirus on their economies. Recently, Dr Abhijit Banerjee, the Indian-born Nobel prize winner on economy, asked the Modi government for stimulus to the level of the US stimulus (India should put in large enough stimulus package to revive demand: Abhijit Banerjee, Economics Times, May 6, 2020). It is worth noting that Indian stimulus is about only 1% of its GDP whereas right now the US stimulus is 10% of its GDP, and also US can spend as much as it wants as discussed in my above paper without thinking about any repercussion on its currency and also on its economy. To overcome the devastating effects of 2008 Great Recession which caused massive NPAs resulting in insolvency of large banks like Citibank, the US Federal Reserve had to provide $29 trillion (twice of then US GDP) to large banks, to save the US economy from the collapse ($29,000,000,000,000: A Detailed Look at the Fed’s Bailout by Funding Facility and Recipient, Working Paper No. 698, James Andrew Felkerson, University of Missouri–Kansas City, December 2011).
Part I Coronavirus - India’s $40 Billion Spending vs Trillions by China, Germany, Japan and US
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
1. Introduction
Due to Coronavirus, all the countries are experiencing economic hardship which eventually will surpass the hardship witnessed by the world, mainly Western countries, during 1930s Great Depression. To mitigate the economic crisis, India is being able to come up with $30-$40 billion only, whereas the four economic superpowers, namely the US, China, Japan and Germany, have been spending trillions of dollars in stimulus. Experts are predicting that Coronavirus would ravage the global economy until its vaccine is developed. While therapeutic treatments for those sick with COVID-19 could begin to roll out within four to six months, it would likely take at least 18 months to develop a safe and effective vaccine.” (Bill Gates on a coronavirus vaccine: The major issue is time, Aarthi Swaminathan and Michael B. Kelley, Yahoo News, April 13, 2020).
Dr Kumar on CNBC-Awaaz Panel Discussion on May 17, 2016
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Pradeep Pandya (of CNBC-Awaaz): "Dr Kumar [description of Yuan replacing US dollar as global currency] is long term trend and is very strong, but people are not aware of it. We talk to several financial people/traders every day, but not even one percent of them are aware of it. In the long-term, it is going to play the major role." He made this comment at 13:54 minute in the video below:
Round-Table discussion on “Reason behind Islamic Terrorism and when and how it would end” by Dr. Susmit Kumar on May 24, 2016 at Society for Policy Studies, New Delhi, India
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The Society for Policy Studies (New Delhi, India) organized a Round-Table discussion on the theme, “Reason behind Islamic Terrorism and when and how it would end” at the India International Centre on May 24, 2016. Addressing a gathering of domain experts and thought leaders who maintain a keen interest in the theme and allied concerns, this informal conversation was led by Dr. Susmit Kumar, President, Kumar Consultancy, US.
Dr Susmit Kumar's Contribution on Triumph of Import Substitution Policy over Export Oriented Policy in India
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
[Note: Dr. Kumar’s every paper is sent to 1500+ people in India which includes PM Mr. Modi, Prime Minister Office (PMO), several Cabinet ministers in India, Secretaries (IAS) and Additional Secretaries (IAS), 200+ officers at Niti Aayog, professors at IIMs, IITs and premier Indian universities, and fellows at several Indian think tanks.]
The US-based economists would generally preach you to earn money by doing dirty jobs (i.e. to produce consumer items which requires low wages) of the Western countries, mainly of the US. But India has all the required ingredients, like technical and natural resources to make herself an economic superpower without being an exporting country. Niti Aayog’s policy paper of E-vehicles only after 2030 is a major step towards it by replacing the crude oil import, the costliest item among its imports, with its substitute (please read my paper: Niti Aayog's New Electric Vehicle Policy – Implementation of Dr Susmit Kumar's April 2017 Recommendation, June 29, 2019).
Till recently, India’s economic policy, under both the NDA and UPA governments, was to emulate China’s export-oriented policy in order to become an economic superpower. But due to Dr Susmit Kumar’s sustained efforts, India’s economic policy has now become import substitution, i.e. to use its own resources, both technological and scientific as well as natural resources, to make the country an economic powerhouse. This change is evident in the recent speech of Professor Arvind Panagariya, a professor of economics at Columbia University (US), while delivering the keynote address at a panel discussion on ‘Economic Priorities for the New Government’ of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in New York, US (Export-led growth very critical for good jobs in India: Arvind Panagariya, PTI/The Indian Express, June 25, 2019):
India's Niti Aayog's New Electric Vehicle Policy – Implementation of Dr Susmit Kumar's April 2017 Recommendation
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
NITI Aayog has recently proposed that only electric vehicles should be sold after 2030. It has also suggested that the ministry pilots an e-highways programme - with an overhead electricity network - to enable plying of trucks and buses on select National Highways (Niti’s new road map: Only electric vehicles to be sold after 2030, Deepak K Dash, The Times of India, June 17, 2019).
Niti Aayog’s New Electric Vehicle Policy is being touted as Clean Fuel technology use for the clean air. But actually it is a major step towards achieving trade surplus because India cannot even dream of becoming an economic superpower without having trade surplus for at least a decade and a half to accumulate couple of trillions of dollars as FOREX (FOReign EXchange Reserve). This was a major recommendation by Dr Kumar in his 2017 papers (“India, China and Growth Rate,” April 16, 2107; Trade Deficit and India’s Missing USD 1.5 Trillion FOREX, August 11, 2017) and also in his book "India is a Country, not a Company - How Anglo-US 'Imported' Economists Misled and Mismanaged the Indian Economy", Susmit Kumar, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2018. It is worth noting that crude oil import is the costliest item among India’s regular imports. Normally the crude oil import bill is about $130 billion a year, but when the crude oil price rises above $80 a gallon in the global market, this crude oil import bill goes as high as $200+ billion a year, resulting in sharp devaluation of rupee.
US-based Economists Should Stop Interference in Indian Economic Policy Formulation
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
Here are points which are discussed in this paper:
· Recent statements by Raghuram Rajan and Kaushik Basu have prompted me to write this paper to show how the US-based economists have been implementing in India the disastrous economic policy, called “Reaganomics” which is the reason behind the dismal job growth in India. There is no doubt that they are brilliant people and being an Indian-origin person, I feel very proud of their achievements in US. But they should stop giving media interviews in India because Indians consider them to be brilliants who would do wonder for the country but Indians do not know how disastrous policies they are preaching.
· If Mr. Rajan becomes the Finance Minister after the 2019 General Elections, there would not be any economy left in India at the end of his five years tenure due to his massive privatization of government jobs and the 2024 General Elections would result in an Indian-version of Trump, like Akhilesh Yadav, Tejashwi Yadav or Mayawati, taking over the rein at the center.
· Under “Reaganomics” implemented since 1980s, there has been massive loss of middle-class jobs in the US which resulted in the early 1990s recession. The US was able to come out of the recession mainly due to the advent of internet technology, which also caused the tech bubble in economy leading to economic boom in late 1990s. After the bust of the tech bubble, the US economy boomed due to the infamous housing bubble that collapsed in 2008. Since then the US economy has survived by holding onto its rock bottom interest rate, which has caused a tremendous asset bubble. The US has been able to survive since the late 1990s mainly because it has been able to print its currency, which happens to be the global currency, to fund tech bubble, housing bubble and Fed’s rock bottom interest rate. As India cannot print its currency to do the same, unless she makes drastic changes in her economic policies, India’s economy is doomed.
US-based Economists Knowingly Propagate Disastrous Economic Policies
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
All the top US-based economists and management professors are no doubt brilliants and they know that US economy is heading to disaster. But they do not want to accept it publicly. These people are just propagating disastrous economic theory which is ultimately leading the US to decades of severe economic depression. If they would tell the truth or deviate from the disastrous US economic policy, they will be nowhere in the US.
Every economist and MBA knows the name of Warren Buffet – please read below what he said in 2005 – I have another article, published on editorial page from New York Times in 2005. Within 3 years of Warren Buffet’s statement, the US had 2008 Great Recession and since then it is just surviving on zero interest rate of the US Fed.
Stock Market Bubble - US Fed and US Treasury Debt
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Dr. Susmit Kumar, Ph.D.
The charts and table below would show you where the stock market heading to. The US government has been running budget deficits for last 3 decades. In the aftermath of the 2008 Great Recession, both the Bush, Jr. and Obama administrations ran huge budget deficits to provide stimulus (as shown in Chart 1). Afterwards, the yearly budget deficit gradually went down but still it was more than $500 billion a year. Trump’s tax-cut to rich has ballooned the budget deficit to $1.3 trillion this year and it would be above $1 trillion for next several years.
